Chi-Square Goodness of it Test

Student Name:

Date:

This assignment is worth a total of 60 points.

Part I. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test (equal frequencies)

Four different brands of a pain medication used for chronic back ailments were tested to see if the number of side effects for each brand were the same. The table below lists the results of the reported number of side effects for each brand of pain medication.

Brand A

Brand B

Brand C

Brand D

23

17

33

11

[Hint: Be sure to watch the video at Week 5 Resources on the “Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit test (equal frequencies)” before attempting this problem. Instructions for performing this test in STATDISK can be found in the Statdisk User Manual.]

Instructions

Answers

1. Use the Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit test to see if there is a difference between the number of side effects from the different brands of medication. Use a significance level of .01.

Paste results here.

2. What are we trying to show here?

3. What is the p-value and what does it represent in the context of this problem?

4. State in your own words what the results of this Goodness-of-fit test tells us.

5. Repeat the above procedure using only Brands A, B, and D. Paste results here.

6. Do you get a different result?

Part II. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test (unequal frequencies)

An opinion poll was taken to see how people felt about Health Care reform. Previous poll results indicate that within a particular population 34% were for reform, 41% were against reform, and 25% were uncertain.

This year, the following results were observed:

FOR: 317 people AGAINST: 223 people UNCERTAIN: 211 people

[Hint: Be sure to watch the video at Week 5 Resources on the “Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit test (unequal frequencies)” before attempting this problem. Instructions for performing this test in STATDISK can be found in the Statdisk User Manual.]

Instructions

Answers

7. Complete the table as necessary.

[Hint: You will need to compute the expected frequencies based on the previous poll results. Round to the nearest integer.]

OBSERVED

EXPECTED

8. Use the Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit test for Unequal frequencies to see if there is a difference between the observed frequencies (this year) and the expected frequencies (based on the previous poll results). Use a significance level of .01.

Paste results here.

9. State the null and alternative hypothesis.

10. What conclusion would you reach, given the result of your Goodness-of-Fit test? [State in your own words.]

Part III. Chi-Square Test of Independence

A study was done to test the claim that discharging a newborn infant discharged early (less than 30 hours after birth) is related to re-hospitalization of that infant within a week of discharge.

The following data was collected related to early discharge and re-hospitalization:

Re-hospitalized within 1 week

Not
re-hospitalized

Total

Early Discharge (less than 30 hours)

622

3997

4619

Late Discharge (30 – 78 hours)

631

4660

5291

Hint: Instructions for performing this test in STATDISK can be found in the Stat Disk User’s Manual under the heading Chi Square Test of Independence (Contingency Tables).

Instructions

Answers

11. Just looking at the numbers in the table, what is your best guess about whether early discharge is related to re-hospitalization? [Hint: you might compute the difference in percentages between those that were discharged early and those that were not.]

12. Compute a Chi-Square Test of Independence on this data using a 0.05 level of significance. Paste your results here.

13. What is the null and alternative hypothesis for this result?

14. What is the p-value for this result? What does this represent?

15. State your conclusion related to the context of this problem.

Part IV. Apply this to your own situation

Using one of the above statistical tests, compose and SOLVE an actual problem from the context of your own personal or professional life. You will need to make up some data and describe which test you will use to analyze the situation. Here’s an example:

Example

State the problem that you are analyzing.

Last year, I asked the kids in my neighborhood what kind of cookies they preferred. 50% said chocolate-chip, 20% said oatmeal-raisin, and 30% said sugar cookie. I want to see if this has changed.

Make up some data for the new situation.

I asked 50 neighborhood kids what kind of cookie they preferred now and here’s what they said:

· 35 said chocolate-chip

· 5 said oatmeal-raisin

· 10 said sugar-cookie

Determine which type of Chi-Square test you will perform.

Since these are unequal frequencies, I will perform a Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test (Unequal Frequencies).

Specify your null and alternative hypotheses.

H0: There is no difference this year in the preferences of cookies within the neighborhood kids.

H1: Things have changed.

Setup the test

Chocolate-Chip

Oatmeal-Raisin

Sugar-Cookie

OBSERVED

35

5

10

EXPECTED

25

10

15

Perform the test

Paste your STATDISK results here

State your conclusion

We have evidence to believe ….

Submit your final draft to the Assignment 2 Turnitin – Week 5 area of your course. Please use the naming convention “WK5Assgn2 first initial last name” as the Submission Title.