Acute Cardiac Care Course

AUSSIEWRITERS: I had initially chosen to write this on Endocarditis so if that is what you have also decided on you may find some of the below current references useful.
Endocarditis, also known as infective or bacterial endocarditis, is a serious microbial inflection with a high associated mortality rate. Characterised by growth of bacteria on endocardial and heart valve surfaces, endocarditis causes valvular dysfunction and can eventually result in widespread infection, organ damage, stroke and heart failure (Bor, Woolhandler, Nardin, Brusch, & Himmelstein, 2013). Prompt detection and treatment of endocarditis is vital to positive patient outcomes, however this can prove difficult due to its non-specific and varied symptoms (Laine & Kosonen, 2013; Thanavaro & Nixon 2014). As such it is advised that endocarditis should be suspected in any patient who presents with a new or changed heart murmur, and sepsis, fever or embolic events of unknown origin (Martí-Carvaja et al., 2012). The gold standard for the diagnosis of endocarditis is the Duke Criteria, which combines a number of echocardiographic, microbiological and clinical finding to qualify a diagnosis and guide treatment decisions (Gould et al., 2012; Thanavaro & Nixon 2014).
References

Allen, U. (2010). Infective endocarditis: Updated guidelines. Paediatrics & Child Health, 15(4), 205-208. Retrieved 20th August from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866312/pdf/pch15205.pdf

Bor, D. H., Woolhandler, S., Nardin, R., Brusch, J., & Himmelstein, D. U. (2013). Infective endocarditis in the U.S., 1998-2009: A nationwide study. PLoS ONE, 8(3), e60033. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060033

Gould, F. K., Denning, D. W., Elliott, T. S. J., Foweraker, J., Perry, J. D., Prendergast, B. D.. . Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. (2012;2011;). Guidelines for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults: A report of the working party of the british society for antimicrobial chemotherapy. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67(2), 269. doi:10.1093/jac/dkr450

Kang, D., Kim, Y., Kim, S., Sun, B. J., Kim, D., Yun, S., . . . Sohn, D. (2012). Early surgery versus conventional treatment for infective endocarditis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(26), 2466. Retrieved 18th Aug from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1112843

Laine, J., & Kosonen, P. (2013). Infective Endocarditis. EBM Guidelines. Doi: 10.1002/0470057203

Laing, C. (2015). Infective endocarditis: What you need to know. Nursing, 45(3), 11-14. doi:10.1097/01.NURSE.0000460725.5698

Martí-Carvaja, A., Conterno, L., Hidalgo, R., Kwong J., Georgoulas, P., Salanti, G. (2012). Antibiotic therapy for treatment of infective endocarditis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
NO: 5, PB: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, CC: VASC, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009880

Thanavaro, K. L., & Nixon, J. V. I. (2014). Endocarditis 2014: An update. Heart & Lung : The Journal of Critical Care, 43(4), 334-337. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2014.03.009

Thuny, F., Grisoli, D., Collart, F., Habib, G., & Raoult, D. (2012). Management of infective endocarditis: Challenges and perspectives. The Lancet, 379(9819), 965-975. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60755-1

Infective Endocarditis Treatment & Management
Author: John L Brusch, MD, FACP; Chief Editor: Michael Stuart Bronze
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/216650-treatment

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