Indonesia

In Korea, you see Japanese settlers.
In South East Asia, no settlers. Its just a base to extract resources: Dutch East Indies or Indonesia.
Inner vs Outer Islands:
Inner islands are Java, Bali
There are dense population

Outer: West Papua, Sumatra, Kalimantan
Less people, wealthy in natural resources.

3.5 years occupied by the Japanese
It’s the most crucial episode for 2nd ww in South East Asia
Indo will not be an independent country if its not bcuz of Japanese.
They give older nationalist administrative experience which is hard for the dutch to take away.
Mass mobilization given by Japan
Japanese wreck Indonesia’s economy by taking away exports from US to Japan. The problem is that Japan cannot absorb everything hence surplus of supply.
The Japanese cut production of certain products in Indonesia that they don’t want hence econ chaos. There is a division in occupation policies: 3 regions: 2 controlled by the armies (eastern island and Kalimantan). There is an internal fight over who gets what. The Japanese has hierarchy of indegenious people, Javanese is the most advanced.
The occupation is far more brutal, bcuz its based on extraction of wealth without giving back to the indigenous people. They use “collaborators”, which means a loyalty to a foreign entity. Most people who collaborated with the Japanese did it for the greater good for Indonesia. Use the training from jobs that Japanese provide for future use to regain autonomy.
Sukarno Hatta: founding father of Indonesia.
Nationalist mobilization
As the Japanese come in in 1942, there are extensive revolution against the collaborator. They are targeted by the Indonesia’s communist party. The Japanese suppress these rebellions against the old aristocratic collaborator. The Dutch maintain aristocracy.

Culturally Japanese has:
Wipe out western influences and mobilizes into Japanese victory
AND
Maximizes natural resources.

They ban the language of Dutch
They only allow the printing of Japanese books hence isolate Indonesian from higher education. 1943- They also institute forced labor: ROMUSHA
200k -500k Javanese were made into forced labor or romusha to work in harsh environment as far as Burma.
Collaborators want to participate with the Japanese, in 1943 there is a founding of Indonesian army by the Japanese. PETA” Pembela Tanah air”
This militarizes Javanese: use the soldiers to fight the allies when they come to Indonesia. Just in Java there is 37k and Sumatra there is 20k.
As this organization being established, Indonesia use the opportunity to get weapons and military army. The Javanese then fight off the Japanese. A lot of the collaborator turns against the Japanese.
Pancasila: 5 principles.
1. Believe in god
2. Nationalist
3. Humanitarism
4. Social justice
5. Democracy

Phillippines
Oligarchs

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