Portfolio Exercise 2: The social, cultural and policy context for advanced nursing

 

Read the paper by Ketefian et al (2001):

Ketefian S., Redman R., Hanucharurnkul S., Masterson A. and Neves E. (2001) The development of
advanced practice roles: implications in the international nursing community. International Nursing
Review 48: 152-163.

Reflect on the development of advanced nursing in your own country. Use Ketefian et al’s sub-headings
to structure your reflection.
• socio-political environment

In Saudi Arabia advanced practice nursing roles not yet specifically regulated which means nurse is
become work in complicated and higher level and involved in any area of health care practice. On the
other hand, there exists opportunities that will speed the attainment of the APN roles in the country.
The social political environment in Sadia Arabia has played a pivotal role in the advancement of social
needs in the society which necessitates the development of APN. Midwifery services, primary health care
have been introduced with degree of courtesy and accessible of the social political environment which
demonstrates preference of humanistic and health promoting services.
Recently, Saudi Arabia is still make effort to evolving advanced practice nursing roles which educate
both gender in nursing master and PhD level in order to provide leadership and ensure the suitable
services, training, and regulation of nurses. Also to continued development of nursing is unthinkable
without foreign nurses for the predictable future (Tumulty 2001).
• the health needs of the population

The health needs of the population in Saudi Arabia are highly cantered in the rural setting unlike USA
and UK. This calls for a paradigm shift of priorities from the urban centres to local areas to be able
to meet the needs of population. This is achieved through training more health personnel and
establishing more health care facilities in rural areas. According to Ministry of health 2009 there is
maldistribution of health care services across geographical area .and there is a lack of health service
for special group such as older or who have disability in rural area. In order to improve accessibility
to health care need to redistribute of health care centre (Almalki et al. 2011)

• the health workforce supply and demand

The government of Saudi Arabia considers development of health care services at primary level, sec, and
tertiary. However the main challenge they face is proving qualified workers. It is challenged by the
shortage of professionals in most local health care’s either nurses or doctors. The number of Saudi
nurse was insufficient to meet the nursing workforce needs. Therefore, nursing workforce in Saudi
Arabia depend on expatriates who are recruited from different countries which is the majority of them
are Indian and Filipino. At the time of Gulf war nurses and other expatriates was
Leaved hospitals critically short of health care personnel was found (Aldossary,While and Barriball
2008).On other hand, the most of patient spoke Arabic language and most of nurses who are working in
hospital either Arabic or English language dose not considered as first language. Therefore, for those
causes the demand for Saudi nurses has been increased. The government play role to provide Saudi
staffs by opening health and nursing schools in order to overcome demand and increased emphasis on
“Saudiization” that has occurred in the last decade (Almalki, et al. 2011; Aldossary ,While and
Barriball 2008).This deters formulation and application of practical strategies to retain and attract
professionals particularly in nursing and therefore it’s a clear priority for effective reforms of the
Saudi health care system.
• government policy and support
Government policy and support are noted to play a very important role towards development of APN roles
in Saudi Arabia. This is achieved through funding of nursing programs providing scholarship for nurses.
The scholarship program is provided not only for nurses who are working in academic settings such as
universities or nursing school but also for nurses whose work in Mistry of health such as hospital and
primary health care centre to improve competences. In addition, there is a program was initiated in
2005 for graduated students for all study domains not only health care which was King Abdullah
Scholarship Program which aimed to enable students to study abroad (Alamri 2011). Moreover, Ministry
of Higher Education was sponsored students at universities in Saudi Arabia.
Recently, the Mistry of health contribute with Mistry of higher education to improve nursing
qualification they are closing all diploma schools of nursing to encourage to change to baccalaureate .
They are providing bridging programs for nurses who hold diploma certificate to be have BNS degree in
nursing. Moreover, King Abdul-Aziz University establishes master program in nursing while PhD program
not yet applied in Saudi Arabia (Miller-Rosser, Chapman and Francis 2006, Alamri 2011).
• intra- and inter-professional collaboration

Intra and inter professional collaboration stands out as the key to the development of each role in
nursing. Collaboration within and between professions gives room for new development of ideas,
strategies and approaches to health issues. The level of Intra and inter professional collaboration is
still not well established and therefore it greatly affects the up scaling of APN roles. (Ketefian et
al. 2001).

• the development of nursing education
Development of nursing education in Saudi Arabia was first established in 1958 where it only trained
male as nurses only (Tumulty 2001). However, the situation has now changed and currently nursing
training extends to the females. In regard to the development of APNs in Saudi Arabia development of
nursing education has really helped to advance towards APNs. For example, Mistry of health was opened
more institutes with different level of nursing education either 9 years of schooling or 12 years of
schooling to enable students to obtain Diploma in Nursing as a qualification. Then, in order to improve
nursing education in 1976 Ministry of Higher Education was established first Bachelor of Science in
Nursing in King Saud University in Riyadh and Master of Science in Nursing in 1987. Later, PhD
scholarship programme was established in 1996. Moreover, other agencies are providing nursing education
program both governmental and privet system (Aldossary, While and Barriball 2008). The current
situation in Saudi Arabia indicates that there are 15 schools offering Bachelor of Science in nursing
program.

• evidence of effectiveness of ANP

Saudi Arabia registers of evidence of APN role despite the underpinning challenges they go through in
terms of efficiency, effectiveness and quality of the services being offered. These challenges are
common to all system worldwide trying to implement APN roles (Goudreau & Smolenski,2014)

Planning your TPN project
What are my ideas for the educational resource?
My educational resource is family leaflet, this leaflet for family who have family member diagnosis
with Epilepsy (Seizure). It works as management plan for epilepsy and how family help someone having a
seizure (during and after seizure sudden)
How will I work on this project? What resources are needed? How much time is required?

First, decide what my goals and objective then type of information should include which depends on
audience. I will search for Information which based on accepted scientific evidence.
It may take two month

What do I need to learn to carry out the project?

Understand the issue purpose and scope and indented audience hoe this will help to meet their need. Key
information for family and order and content of information. Moreover, signposting for other source of
information such as (organization and websites). Use templets, design and layout for information.
What obstacles do I anticipate?

How to make it in effective way and decide which information will be included because it is a huge
topic
Write up the leaflet for family and use clear language to enable them th understand it.
How will I show what I have learnt?

By producing the leaflet and application in public area. And reflect or evaluate it

What are the anticipated outcomes – for self / clients / colleagues?

For my self, it would help to improve nursing role as educator for patient and family also try to carry
out different ways of education project like leaflet.
For client and family, deliver information which they are need it and make sure that meet their needs.
Family can apply this information in their life and make it available for them.

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