English

1. According to the Traditional Square of Opposition, corresponding A and E statements are
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• alternatives.
• contradictories.
• subcontraries.
• contraries.

2. The quality of an A statement is
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• universal.
• affirmative.
• particular.
• negative.

3. Two statements are logically equivalent if
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• each validly implies the other.
• they have the same subject term and the same predicate term.
• they are both universal statements.
• they have the same standard form.

4. Two statements are contradictories if
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• they cannot both be false.
• they cannot both be true.
• they cannot correspond.
• they cannot have the same truth value.

5. The quantity of an O statement is
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• universal.
• affirmative.
• particular.
• negative.

6. The converse of a standard-form categorical statement is formed by
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• interchanging its subject and predicate terms.
• replacing the predicate term with its complement.
• changing its quality and replacing its predicate with the predicate-complement.
• changing the quantity.
7. “All that glitters is not gold” is best translated into which of the following standard-form categorical statements?
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• “All gold things are things that glitter.”
• “No things that glitter are gold things.”
• “Some gold things are things that glitter.”
• “Some things that glitter are not gold things.
8. “All Olympic gold winners are outstanding athletes” is a standard-form
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• A statement.
• E statement.
• I statement.
• O statement.
9. Which of the following statements is necessarily false?
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• “Some humans are winged creatures.”
• “No even numbers are numbers divisible by two.”
• “All cars are vehicles with combustion engines.”
• “All squirrels are grey animals.”
10. When two standard-form categorical statements are corresponding, they
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• have the same subject term and same predicate term.
• are logically equivalent.
• are necessarily true.
• have the same quantifier.
11. On the Traditional Square of Opposition, if “All dogs are mammals” is false, which of the following can be validly inferred?
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• “Some dogs are mammals” is false.
• “Some dogs are not mammals” is true.
• “No dogs are mammals” is false.
• “Some dogs are mammals” is true.
12. The obverse of “All pigs are intelligent creatures” is
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• “Some intelligent creatures are pigs.”
• “All non-intelligent creatures are non-pigs.”
• “No pigs are non-intelligent creatures.”
• “Some pigs are not intelligent creatures.”
13. “Only students with a 3.0 or higher are members of the Tri-Lambda honor society” is a stylistic variant of the standard-form categorical statement
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• “All students with a 3.0 or higher are members of the Tri-Lambda honor society.”
• “No members of the Tri-Lambda honor society are students with a 3.0 or higher.”
• “All members of the Tri-Lambda honor society are students with a 3.0 or higher.”
• “Some students with a 3.0 or higher are members of the Tri-Lambda honor society.”

14. “No people who were murdered by Jack the Ripper are men” is a standard-form
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• A statement.
• E statement.
• I statement.
• O statement.

15. An immediate inference is when a conclusion can be drawn on the basis of
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• experience alone.
• a single premise.
• the opinion of a reliable authority.
• informed intuition.
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