Genetically modified embryos

Genetically modified embryos
English 2000
Background Essay (1500-2000 words) 20%

Assignment:
A background essay examines the rhetorical context within which arguments on an issue take place. As you explore the rhetorical context surrounding your topic, you will examine not only what the authors have said but when, where, to whom, and why.

The background essay takes a dialogic approach, considering multiple arguments on a single issue. In some ways, it is similar to a three- or four-way oral debate among opposing experts as they argue about a single important issue. As a dialogic paper, the background essay does not take a single stand on an issue; rather, it attempts to represent all sides equally, even if the author happens to believe more in one side than another. While there may not be any such thing as objectivity, you should seek to remain neutral. Therefore, do not put forth your opinion or take sides in a controversy. Sometimes a background essay will offer the author’s own opinion in the conclusion, but otherwise such a paper usually is fair, balanced, logical, rational, and equal in its treatment of all sides it represents. A dialogic essay also is like a conversation among several people who disagree on a subject; however, the essay presents each point of view fully before continuing on to represent the next point of view.
For this assignment, you should write a 1500-2000-word background essay that “situates” or “contextualizes” the debate surrounding your specific research topic. Your essay should cite as least five first-rate sources.
Guidelines and Tips
• Examine the situation prompting the author to make this argument. Analyze the argument from the perspective of kairos, considering the timing, fitness, and appropriateness of the argument within an evolving rhetorical context. Consider how the authors’ purpose, intended audience, the situation in which they are writing affect their rhetorical strategies. We will review the rhetorical triangle (47) in class.
• A minimum of five substantial and diverse sources is required for this essay. Do not rely on a single source for the majority of your information; demonstrate that you have synthesized information from multiple sources. As always, consider the quality of the sources you use. You will need to evaluate sources for credibility as you select, organize, and present relevant information in a clear, concise, and meaningful way.
• As you research the context for your argument, consider relevant history, laws and policies, statistics, past and current problems, stakeholders, organizations, programs, cultural factors, demography, geography, and other related issues.
• The background essay is not a “data dump” which throws together all the information you can find. Your purpose is to describe the context surrounding your issue.

Helpful Resources
Background Essay Pre-Writing Questions (on Moodle)
Sample Background Essays (“Humanitarian Assistance and Sierra Leone” on Moodle, “Should Fast-Food Workers Be Paid $15 per Hour?” in Writing Arguments 36-42)

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