Presentation  of  assignment

•   Please  prepare  answer  to  all  questions  in  a  word-­‐processed
copy  (A4  paper)   •   Margins  must  be  2cm  on  the  left  hand  side  of  each  page   •   Lines  of
word-­‐  processed  material  must  be  separated  by  1.5  line  spaces   •   Answers  should  be
references  based  on  VANCOUVER  STYLE  from  credible  sources  only  (at   least  one  reference  for  each
answers)     1-­‐   Explain  what  the  most  appropriate  hand  washing  technique  would  be  for  each  of
the  following   three  scenarios:     a)   Prior  of  food  handlings   b)   Immunising  a  client  with
a  Flu  Vaccination  in  your  pharmacy   c)   A  surgeon  preparing  for  surgery     Provide  a
rationale  for  your  answer   2-­‐   Which  of  the  product  which  used  in  hand  washing  in  the  table
below  would  be  the  most   appropriate  for  use  in  each  of  the  above  settings  in  Question  1
Agent   Aust  R  #   Group   Uses   Antimicrobial  activity   70%  v/v  Ethyl  Alcohol/     Aqium®  Gel  66%w/v         Alcohols   •   Skin  Antiseptic   •   Reduced
activity   against  viruses   Benzalkonium  chloride       Quaternary  Ammonium   Compounds   •   Skin    Antiseptic   •   Irrigations   •   Eye  Drop  Preservative
•   Sporostatic     Chlorhexidine  gluconate     Chlorhexidine  and  other   diguanides   •   Pre-­op  skin  Antiseptic   •   Surgical  Hand  Scrubs   •   Treat
wounds   •   Bladder  Irrigations   •   Slow  acting   •   Residual  effect
Chloroxylenol-­  Roxenol/     Medol
61404   Phenols   •   Skin  Antiseptic   •   Medicated  Soaps   •   Inanimate  surfaces
•   Denature  by  soap
3-­‐   State  three  reasons  why  it  is  necessary  to  determine  the  MIC  for  antibiotics  in
Vitro?   4-­‐   Discuss  the  Mechanism  of  action  of  PcG  on  E.coli,  in  your  answer  discuss
a)   The  Mechanism  and  affinity  of  PcG  for  Penicillin  Binding  Proteins.  Compare  the
affinity   preferences  of  E.coli  for  PcG  and  Cefotaxime   b)   The  significance  of  the  cell  shape
observed  Microbiologically  (use  diagrams)   c)   The  significance  of  the  concentration  of  the  PcG  (ie  less
than  or  greater  than  the  MIC)   5-­‐   Refer  to  the  Mechanism  of  resistance  to  Beta-­‐lactams
discussed  in  Goodman  and  Gilman’s    the   pharmacological  Basis  of  therapeutics  (12th  edition)  to
explain  the  result  obtained  in  the   laboratory  with  respect  to     I.   The  beta-­‐
lactam  resistance  shown  by  S.  aureus  M908   II.   The  beta-­‐  lactam  resistance  shown  by  S.
aureus  CP11   6-­‐   How  is  the  resistance  shown  by  newly  emerging  resistance  Gram  Negative  Organism
carrying  the   NDM-­‐1  gene  different  to  those  discussed  in  question  5?   7-­‐   Examine  the
Laboratory  data  collected  for  the  aminoglycoside  activities  against  strains  CP10  AND   CP11.
Discuss  the  possible  mechanism  for  the  SmR    in  these  strains?   (be  concise  in  your
answer  and  make  it  clear  how  you  use  the  data  in  reaching  your  conclusion.   You  are  for  one
choice  and  the  reason  for  that  choice  instead  of  the  others)   8-­‐   Describe  the  contribution
of  B-­‐lactamases  to  the  Indirect  Pathogenicity  of  some  bacteria?   9-­‐   Explain  what  is  meant  by
antimicrobial  stewardship.  Describe  how  the  role  of  an  “antibiotic   pharmacist”  contributes  to  antibiotic
stewardship?   10-­‐  What  is  the  WHO  Essential  Medicines  List?  List  the  antibacterial  and  dosage  forms
available  on   the  most  recent  list  (April  2015)?

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